James, the second surviving son of King Charles I and his wife, Henrietta Maria of France, was born at St James's Palace in London on 14 October 1633.

MacLeod and Waller say all of James's remains were lost in the French Revolution.

Check out Britannica's new site for parents! THE INFORMATION PRESENTED HERE IS FOR GENERAL EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.James II’s first wife, Anne, was Protestant (though she converted to Catholicism), and their daughters were After the restoration of his brother Charles II to the English throne in 1660, James was created duke of In politics he was a strong supporter of the earl of James’s conversion had little effect on his political views, which were already formed by his reverence for his dead father and his close association with the High In view of the queen’s childlessness, however, the conversion of the heir presumptive to the throne roused great alarm in the general public. On August 27, 1664, four English warships arrived in New Amsterdam to claim the colony under the orders of James, Duke of York. King Charles II had granted the lands between the Connecticut and Delaware Rivers to the Duke. Ibid., 144.Miller, 84; Waller, 94–97. virtue of a Commission from his Royall Highness James Duke of Yorke and Albany given to Colonell Richard Nicolls Deputy Governeur, bearing date the Second day of Aprill 1664. James thoroughly understood the whole business of the Admiralty, and knew also the disorders which had crept into the whole economy of the Fleet, in the six years immediately preceding his Accession. Thus, I should have referred to him as "John Churchill," sir. (Summary from L.M.E. History at your fingertips

YOU SHOULD ALWAYS CONSULT WITH YOUR PERSONAL PHYSICIAN REGARDING ANY PERSONAL HEALTH PROBLEM, AND YOU SHOULD ALWAYS CONSULT WITH YOUR FINANCIAL ADVISER REGARDING INVESTMENT DECISIONS. His understanding was singularly slow and narrow, and his temper obstinate, harsh, and unforgiving.

"Irish Jacobite Poetry". Clarke, historiographer to the King, London 1816. Author... There is more about the title of Duke of York here: James and Charles were cousins to Louis XIV (the Sun King); Louis was known for some good Quotes "... --"I am the State!" James inherited the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland from his elder brother In June 1688, two events turned dissent into a crisis; the first on 10 June was the birth of James's son and heir When Charles I was executed by the rebels in 1649, monarchists proclaimed James's older brother king.Like his brother, James sought refuge in France, serving in the French army under In the meantime, Charles was attempting to reclaim his throne, but France, although hosting the exiles, had allied itself with During his service in the Spanish army, James became friendly with two Irish Catholic brothers in the Royalist entourage, In 1659, while trying to seduce her, James promised he would marry Anne.Their first child, Charles, was born less than two months later, but died in infancy, as did five further sons and daughters.James's wife was devoted to him and influenced many of his decisions.In 1664, Charles granted American territory between the In September 1666, his brother Charles put him in charge of firefighting operations in the James's time in France had exposed him to the beliefs and ceremonies of the Roman Catholic Church; he and his wife, Anne, became drawn to that faith.Growing fears of Roman Catholic influence at court led the English Parliament to introduce a new King Charles II opposed James's conversion, ordering that James's daughters, Mary and Anne, be raised in the Church of England.In 1677, James reluctantly consented to his daughter Mary's marriage to the Protestant Prince In 1683, a plot was uncovered to assassinate Charles and James and spark a Argyll sailed to Scotland and, on arriving there, raised recruits mainly from his own clan, the Monmouth's rebellion was coordinated with Argyll's, but the former was more dangerous to James. Callow writes that Anne "made the greatest single impact upon his thinking" and that she converted shortly after the Restoration, "almost certainly before her husband". During the English Civil Wars he lived at Oxford—from October 1642 until the city surrendered in June 1646.

New York State passed a law to gradually emancipate slaves in 1799, following successful abolitionist movements in Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island, which outlawed slavery in the decades after the revolution.New England states were more willing to abolish slavery in part because New York never fought for the Confederacy in the Civil War, though some in New York flirted with the idea of letting the Union dissolve.

As yet the Duke professed himself a member of the Anglican Church but he had already shown inclinations which had seriously alarmed good Protestants.

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